The Battery Management System (BMS) is critical for the efficient, safe, and extended operation of rechargeable batteries, especially in electric vehicles (EVs), renewable energy systems, and advanced electronics. The BMS system monitors key parameters such as current, voltage, temperature, and State of Charge (SoC), ensuring that batteries operate within optimal and safe limits. It provides critical protection against overcharging, over discharging, and overheating, thereby safeguarding battery integrity and extending lifespan. Emerging trends in BMS technology emphasize the integration of advanced algorithms, IoT connectivity, enhanced safety features, and the shift towards wireless BMS (wBMS). Wireless BMS reduces wiring complexity, enhances reliability, and offers greater flexibility in battery packaging. Optical Wireless BMS (OW-BMS), on the other hand, is a light-based communication, an advanced technology that offers immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI), high data rates, and improved security. OW-BMS significantly reduces system weight and complexity while maintaining robust and secure data transmission, and real-time monitoring capabilities. As research progresses, OW-BMS is envisioned to revolutionize battery management, offering a glimpse into the future of more efficient, secure, and scalable energy storage solutions.