The control of pest insects has traditionally involved the application of neurotoxic insecticides that produce a rapid knockdown effect and, combined with strong residuality, provide prolonged action. However, control failures and insecticide resistance development are expected consequences of the intensive and continued use of insecticides. Currently, the application of pyrethroid insecticides is the most widely used strategy for the chemical control of insects that have medical and economic importance, such as mosquitoes, cockroaches, flies, stink bugs, and bed bugs, among others. The interaction of insects with human populations in domestic, urban, and rural environments is closely related. Insecticide resistance is increasingly frequent and has harmful effects on human health, the environment, and resulting economic impact. In this context, it is crucial to implement alternative and complementary strategies to insecticides within an integrated pest management framework. Nanoparticles are a promising alternative for insect control since they have proven insecticide effects and are also carriers for bioactive compound delivery. For this reason, it is essential to design suitable tools that facilitate their application while preserving their chemical and biological properties. The formulation of bioactive compounds with nanomaterials is an effective tool that can optimize their persistence by limiting their rapid degradation under environmental conditions. Although numerous studies have been performed, it is worth noting that more investigation is needed not only to assess the efficacy of nanoformulations but also their impact on environmental and human health. As more research is carried out and appropriate regulations are developed, nanotechnology will play a crucial role in the fight against pest insects, improving food security and global health.