Environmental pollution represents a significant challenge that society must confront. Pollutants, both man-made and natural, are responsible for the degradation of the environment, which affects the quality of essential resources, including soil, water, and air. As a result of the pollution’s the human faces significant health issues. In connection with said issue, an innovative methods are consistently being investigated to address and mitigate these environmental pollutants. For this purpose, nanomaterials (NMs) is an excellent choice for mitigation of environmental pollutants due to their improved surface area, enhanced functionality, and accelerated reaction rates. These unique properties make them highly valuable in areas such as healthcare, electronics, and ecological studies. In recent times, the focus on creating sustainable and efficient NMs through green synthesis has to be found as a prominent solution for the mitigation of ecological contamination. In this chapter, we concentrated on the utilization of these green nanomaterials (GNMs) as economical and recyclable alternative catalysts, as well as high surface area adsorbents for the environmental mitigation, are comprehensively discussed.