Aquatic pollution is emerging as a global issue that requires effective and immediate solutions. Nanotechnologies (NMs) have emerged as a promising solution for water remediation due to their unique assets such as nontoxic and sustainability. This chapter provides a systematic overview of nanotechnology for aquatic pollution remediation. We also elaborate on several aspects, nanotechnology for removing pollutants, and various synthesis pathways for nanoparticles through chemical, physical, and biological methods. We also discuss the mechanisms of reaction of nanoparticle for pollutants such as adsorption, filtration, disinfection, photocatalysis, and oxidation. Additionally, this chapter presents suggestions for future investigation strategies to improve the efficacy of nanotechnology in the mitigation of aquatic toxicology. Overall, this review highlights the immense potential of NMs for mitigating environmental pollutants and calls for more research in this direction.