The question of what light has fascinated people since ancient times. To understand the different responses of science throughout the evolution of physics, we must look back in history. Scientists have searched for logical answers to the mysteries of nature for generations. This involves explaining the main features of the physicist’s work, along with the pure thinking of the researcher. The role of thought and ideas is essential in the pursuit of knowledge about the material world. We gather cues from the books of nature and use our brains to understand how humans discover the laws that govern them. In this introduction, we focus on the last 300 years of physics evolution.