The worldwide energy crisis has encouraged an international commitment to the most sustainable fuels, like biohydrogen, which is visualized as a strong candidate to meet energy needs. Biohydrogen production from microalgal activity has been addressed in this chapter, in which summarized information is included concerning (1) biophotolysis and the corresponding sulfur limitation as the strategy to inhibit enzymatic sensibility to oxygen presence, (2) dark fermentation (DF) strategies to improve hydrogen yield and the different alternatives of pretreatment (physical, chemical, and biological) to apply in microalgal biomass and favoring hydrogen production, (3) photo-fermentation by microalga per se or cocultivated with bacteria or using microalgal biomass under fermentative conditions, (4) integration of different fermentation processes, (5) improved electrochemical systems to get hydrogen from algal biomass and the implementation of nanomaterials in the different photobiological production processes, and (6) the recent advances in genetic engineering in microalgae. The challenge in all different biohydrogen production strategies through microalgae is still the operational complications with high-volume reactors.