The chapter discusses the definition of sport, in particular community or grassroots participation. An overview is provided of the international treaties and charters which proclaim sport participation as a human right. Research on sport and human rights is summarised, noting that most is concerned not with the right to sport participation as such, but with other human rights and their violation in sporting contexts. This is particularly the case with research on major international sports events and human rights. Sport as a vehicle for social change is examined in regard to sport events as claimed to be promoters of peace and contributors to the UN’s sustainable development programme.