Hundreds of fascist monuments remain visible across Spanish territory without being eliminated or re-signified. Despite the transition of 1978 and the subsequent decades, the creation of inadequate laws has perpetuated and extended the issues rooted in the semantics of the so-called “consensus” of the 1978 transition. The persistence of these monuments in Spain is not merely a peculiar case but an exemplary phenomenon—one that serves as both a symptom and a signifier of deeper historical and ideological continuities. This chapter examines how the continued presence of these monuments demonstrates that the fascist legacy and its ideological underpinnings remain active and deeply entrenched in Spanish society. Drawing on theoretical concepts regarding the production of ideology, including its psychic dimensions, the analysis posits that these monuments continue to function as sites of fascist resistance, perpetuating the aura and effects of their ideological origins and reifying their symbolic power. Finally, it is argued that these monuments contribute to a generalised societal dissociation from material realities, a condition that carries significant and far-reaching consequences.

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Toxic Monuments in Spain

  • Esther Planas

摘要

Hundreds of fascist monuments remain visible across Spanish territory without being eliminated or re-signified. Despite the transition of 1978 and the subsequent decades, the creation of inadequate laws has perpetuated and extended the issues rooted in the semantics of the so-called “consensus” of the 1978 transition. The persistence of these monuments in Spain is not merely a peculiar case but an exemplary phenomenon—one that serves as both a symptom and a signifier of deeper historical and ideological continuities. This chapter examines how the continued presence of these monuments demonstrates that the fascist legacy and its ideological underpinnings remain active and deeply entrenched in Spanish society. Drawing on theoretical concepts regarding the production of ideology, including its psychic dimensions, the analysis posits that these monuments continue to function as sites of fascist resistance, perpetuating the aura and effects of their ideological origins and reifying their symbolic power. Finally, it is argued that these monuments contribute to a generalised societal dissociation from material realities, a condition that carries significant and far-reaching consequences.