Trauma care is a high-risk, high-hazard operation. Ambient noise, distractions, competing priorities coupled with acute, ambiguous and rapidly evolving scenarios contribute to the “organized chaos” that defines modern trauma care. Effective team-based skills can mitigate the extent to which these human, situational and environmental factors influence the clinical care of patients. Team-based or non-technical skills are not innate but can be learned and developed over time through the study and application of human factors theory and system design. The following chapter briefly outlines the history of human factors and crisis resource management in high-risk industry, with a focus on non-technical skills training for high-performance medical teams.