This chapter examines the pivotal role of forensic archaeology in investigating the historic deposition of infant and juvenile remains at the former Mother and Baby Home in Tuam, Ireland. This study traces the history of the Mother and Baby Homes, details how the burial practices at Tuam came to light and outlines subsequent forensic archaeological investigations. Key findings include the discovery of human remains in a chambered structure initially believed to be a sewage tank, with evidence confirming that these remains were dated to the operational period of the Home (1925–1961). This work also discusses the legal and governmental responses to the findings, culminating in the enactment of the Institutional Burials Act (2022), which recognizes forensic archaeological standards for addressing such cases. This study underscores the critical role of forensic archaeology in uncovering historical injustices and facilitating transitional justice through the identification and dignified treatment of the deceased.