In this paper, a multi-phase tracking (MT) structure based on decision feedback equalization is studied, which can solve the problem of strong multipath and phase offset in time varying underwater acoustic communication. Further, the joint equalization and multi-phase Tracking algorithm (JEMT) is proposed. The MT structure not only accelerates the convergence speed of phase tracking but also achieves better steady-state mean square error in equalization. In addition, considering that the noise in the actual underwater acoustic environment has obvious impulse noise characteristics rather than the Gaussian noise, this paper further proposes the JEMT algorithm based on the maximum correntropy criterion (JEMTMCC) to make it more suitable for the underwater acoustic environment. Finally, simulation results show that the JEMTMCC algorithm can achieve better bit error performance.