A Linguistic Analysis of Metaphorical Euphemisms Used in Dholuo HIV/AIDS Discourse
摘要
HIV/AIDS discourse is considered taboo in many African cultures and numerous others in the world. This could be because the disease is primarily transmitted sexually, is not curable, and ultimately leads to death. The presence of the disease in society has made talking about it frequently and in social interactions unavoidable. Because of that, speakers have formed or adopted new terminologies to euphemize the disease thus breaking the taboo surrounding it and the discourse around it. One of the techniques that has come in handy is using metaphorical expressions. This study analyses the metaphorical euphemisms used in Dholuo HIV/AIDS discourse, using the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, to explore these metaphorical expressions regarding the source and target domains. It attempts to investigate how Dholuo speakers employ metaphorical terms to euphemize these perceived negative/taboo phenomena in HIV/AIDS discourse. The data is collected from conversations, radio broadcasts, literature from health facilities, newspapers, Dholuo lyrics, and other literature on the disease in the language. Being a native speaker, the author is also already equipped with specific terms used in this discourse. The study presents a model of the typology of Dholuo conceptual metaphors used to euphemize HIV/AIDS. This model of typology includes the conceptualization of HIV/AIDS discourse as an accident, calamity, dangerous animals, risky business, harmful insect/pests, war, familiar illness, food, and journey, and a typology that is unclear in terms of conceptualization.