Postpartum depression remains a significant concern among incarcerated individuals, yet it is a topic that is significantly understudied. This chapter aims to investigate a comprehensive review of existing literature on postpartum depression among incarcerated individuals, studying its prevalence, risk factors, cultural nuances, implications for both maternal and child well-being, legal and ethical considerations, personal narratives, challenges, and opportunities for providing adequate support. Socio-economic disadvantage, trauma history, substance use, minimal social support, and stressors surrounding incarceration all emerge as prominent risk factors. The consequences of untreated postpartum depression extend beyond individual suffering and impact mother-child bonding, parenting abilities, and long-term development outcomes for children born to incarcerated mothers. Enhanced screening protocols, mental health support, and trauma-informed care can address the challenges of postpartum depression in an incarcerated setting.