In 2023, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) set a new level of ambition for the reduction of greenhouse gases for the maritime sector with the aim of reaching net-zero emissions by or around 2050. This indicates that a transition toward new technologies and fuels is required. A promising option is the adoption of hydrogen fuel cells (HFCs) that can reach low and zero emissions (depending on the fuel used). This chapter provides an overview of HFCs, their status and development, potential use for shipping, and their limitations. The chapter also provides an outlook for the adoption of this technology, with a particular focus on the European Union, where shipping companies are expected to become early adopters. The review indicates that HFCs can be used as the main energy source or as part of hybrid systems. A hybrid system is considered the most attractive option for early adopters considering that it provides fuel flexibility and can be complemented with fossil fuel components and heat recovery systems. The overview suggests that the direct funding for the development and testing of HFCs in the European Union could potentially lead to their wider adoption, starting with the ferry segment of the Nordic and the Mediterranean countries.