Hypocalcemia is common in hospitalized patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Causes of hypocalcemia include, but are not limited to, vitamin D deficiency, hypoparathyroidism, hypomagnesemia, excessive urinary calcium losses, and inadequate intestinal calcium absorption. Postsurgical hypoparathyroidism is the most common cause of hypocalcemia. Symptomatic hypocalcemia is a medical emergency and is treated with intravenous calcium gluconate. Intravenous calcium gluconate is a temporary fix since calcium is freely filtered by the kidneys. Addressing the etiology of hypocalcemia is important in managing hypocalcemia in the long term. Adequate calcium intake, along with calcitriol to aid with calcium absorption, is important in managing hypoparathyroidism. Post-thyroidectomy and post-parathyroidectomy hypocalcemia can be prevented by assuring adequate vitamin D stores preoperatively, assessing parathyroid function postoperatively, and judiciously giving adequate supplemental calcium and calcitriol.