Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common and life-threatening cancer types with minimal therapeutic options worldwide. Gut microbiota is recognized as the crucial determinant in sustaining gastrointestinal tract homeostasis. Alterations within the gut microbiome impact the growth and advancement of cancer. The beneficial role of postbiotics, in describing microorganism-sourced substances, in colorectal cancer has been brought to light by various studies. The association between food, gut microbiota, and colorectal cancer is usually characterized as a correlation rather than a causal link. Given the significant dysbiosis in the microbiota associated with colorectal cancer, postbiotics seem to be a viable therapeutic agent for the therapy and long-term management of this condition. Gut microbiota biomarkers possess the potential for translational applications in colorectal cancer screening and early diagnosis. Gut microbiota–associated interventions improve antitumor therapy’s effectiveness and serious intestinal toxic effects. Evidence shows that along with gut dysbiosis, specific pathogenic microbes, virulence factors, metabolites, and microbial carcinogenic mechanisms facilitate to the inception and progression of colorectal cancer.