Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common disease in the world and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Even with its severity, good results are frequently achieved with early discovery and treatment. As a result, CRC screening initiatives have been launched internationally. A growing body of research reveals the gut microbiome’s role in CRC development and its potential as an early detection biomarker. Studies show that the gut microbiome can affect the growth of adenomas and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) through various processes such as co-metabolic dysregulation, inflammation, epigenetic modifications, and DNA damage. Researchers have identified specific microbiomes such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, and Bacteroides fragilis within precursor lesions, highlighting microbiome alterations as distinguishing features in CRC progression. Early methods of screening for colorectal cancer often use fecal biomarkers such as the guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) and fecal immunochemical tests (FITs). These tests are usually followed by an endoscopy because the gFOBT and FITs don’t show everything. Although the oral and fecal gut microbiota exhibit potential as a supplement to the current CRC screening instruments, the available data indicates that these microbiomes are not yet ready for widespread clinical use. Metaproteomics, metabolomics, and microbial cell-free DNA (microbial cfDNA) are noninvasive ways to look at the microbiome for CRC. Deep sequencing, novel laboratory approaches, and computational methods are increasingly evaluating the potential of microbial cfDNA for cancer detection, despite technical and biological challenges in CRC. Liquid biopsies could target the microbiome and improve early cancer detection. Overall, gut microbiota analysis represents a rapidly advancing field with significant promise for noninvasive CRC diagnostics.