This chapter explores the intricate environmental histories of shallow lakes within the Central Southern Pampa plain since 1350 CE, focusing on the intertwined influences of climatic variability and human activities. By means of paleoecological data and climate simulations, the research reveals discernible shifts in lakes’ ecological states and reconstructs their environmental trajectories. A period of aridity around 1350 CE leads to ephemeral, saline lakes in most of the area. Subsequently, phases of increased precipitation resulted in freshwater lakes and eutrophication, especially since 1850 CE. Human impacts amplify environmental stressors, varying in intensity based on local geomorphological and socio-economical contexts. Since the Great Acceleration of the mid-twentieth century, human activities have surpassed the resilience threshold of each lake, leading to a convergence of environmental trajectories across all of them. This study evidences that individual lakes provide important insights into long-term trajectories and responses of key ecological functions to different stressors. However, multi-lake studies demonstrate that lake dynamics are interconnected with local site specific characteristics, but also regional socio-economic tendencies. By elucidating these complex interactions, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of environmental change in the region and provides crucial insights for effective environmental management and conservation strategies.