This chapter compares policy learning processes in Spain and Italy within the framework of EU soft law, particularly the Open Method of Coordination (OMC). Spain demonstrates stronger policy learning, characterized by instrumental, organizational, and strategic political learning. Effective collaboration among stakeholders, robust administrative capacities, and the adoption of EU indicators facilitated learning and improved social policies, such as addressing poverty and social exclusion. Conversely, Italy exhibits a mix of blocked and limited learning, hindered by administrative inefficiencies, weak monitoring mechanisms, and inconsistent stakeholder involvement. Political learning in Italy often reflects symbolic efforts, driven by shifting domestic political interests rather than substantive reforms. By juxtaposing these findings with earlier analyses of Greece, the chapter highlights how differing domestic administrative, political, and institutional contexts influence policy learning across Southern Europe. The evidence underscores the link between compliance with EU law and the depth of policy learning, offering broader implications for EU governance and policy making.