Malaria is a mosquito-borne tropical disease with an estimated burden of 247 million cases and approximately 619,000 deaths as of 2022. The disease poses a global challenge, endemic in sub-Saharan Africa where the primary vectors are the female Anopheles mosquitoes, and their effective control is hindered by emerging resistance to contemporary insecticides. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) as key strategies for mosquito control. For IRS, five insecticide classes are deemed safe and effective: pyrethroids, organochlorines, carbamates, organophosphates, and neonicotinoids. Due to the intense use of pyrethroids in public health, there have been reports of growing resistance in the target species, Anopheles mosquitoes which may hinder vector control. To help manage this resistance, the WHO recommended carbamates as alternative insecticides, which have proven effective. However, reports of resistance to carbamates are raising concerns about the control of these vectors. This report thoroughly explores carbamate insecticides employed in Anopheles gambiae control, their mechanism of action, and the current state of resistance in vector control. Carbamate compounds are esters of carbamic acid that inhibit acetylcholinesterase and hydrolyse acetylcholine to choline. Additionally, molecular markers such as the acetylcholinesterase-1 (AChE1) and cytochrome P450 genes that are important in understanding and monitoring carbamate resistance are reviewed. By putting together recent research findings, this chapter highlights the challenges posed by insecticide resistance and the importance of continued research and innovation in developing sustainable vector control strategies. The insights provided aim to inform future research directions and public health policies on combatting malaria.