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One of the primary enteric pathogens responsible for tens of millions of cases of diarrheal illness annually is enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Children under five are most susceptible to ETEC, which is thought to be the cause of 60,000 deaths and 100 million episodes of diarrhea annually, especially in endemic areas. The most typical symptom of an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) disease is watery diarrhea that lasts 3–5 days. Other symptoms can range in severity from mild and self-limiting to severe and excruciatingly painful. Children in underdeveloped nations and travelers are often predisposed to the infection. Severe impact of ETEC infection demography including poor growth in children is positively correlated with recurrent and frequent nonfatal diarrhea episodes. The capacity to generate virulence factors such as heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins is a characteristic of ETEC. Enterotoxins (LT and ST) produced by ETEC are vital mediators for its virulence, and fimbrial adhesins facilitate bacterial colonization on the surface of host epithelial cells. The produced colonization factor and activities of the enterotoxins from the ETEC usually enhance water and electrolyte secretion into the intestinal lumen resulting in frequent excretion of watery stool that leads to several bouts of diarrhea. Given the self-limiting progression of ETEC infections and their clinical convergence with cholera, multiple gastrointestinal morbidities remain suboptimally managed, exerting detrimental effects on pediatric growth, cognitive maturation, and elevating child mortality rates. Oral rehydration in conjunction with supportive care is used to prevent electrolyte loss and dehydration as treatment for ETEC infections. ETEC infections are infrequently diagnosed in routine clinical practice, resulting in substantial underreporting and contributing to an unrecognized burden of disease. Routine diagnosis of ETEC infections in children should be emphasized in clinical laboratories, particularly for high-risk populations, and deployment of Rapid Kits for ETEC detection would be important in several resource-limit locations to aid early diagnosis.

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Demographic Impact of Diarrheagenic Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection on Children Under 5 Years Old in Sub-Saharan Africa

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Paul Akinniyi Akinduti,
  • Oluwapelumi Sola Oyesile

摘要

One of the primary enteric pathogens responsible for tens of millions of cases of diarrheal illness annually is enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Children under five are most susceptible to ETEC, which is thought to be the cause of 60,000 deaths and 100 million episodes of diarrhea annually, especially in endemic areas. The most typical symptom of an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) disease is watery diarrhea that lasts 3–5 days. Other symptoms can range in severity from mild and self-limiting to severe and excruciatingly painful. Children in underdeveloped nations and travelers are often predisposed to the infection. Severe impact of ETEC infection demography including poor growth in children is positively correlated with recurrent and frequent nonfatal diarrhea episodes. The capacity to generate virulence factors such as heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins is a characteristic of ETEC. Enterotoxins (LT and ST) produced by ETEC are vital mediators for its virulence, and fimbrial adhesins facilitate bacterial colonization on the surface of host epithelial cells. The produced colonization factor and activities of the enterotoxins from the ETEC usually enhance water and electrolyte secretion into the intestinal lumen resulting in frequent excretion of watery stool that leads to several bouts of diarrhea. Given the self-limiting progression of ETEC infections and their clinical convergence with cholera, multiple gastrointestinal morbidities remain suboptimally managed, exerting detrimental effects on pediatric growth, cognitive maturation, and elevating child mortality rates. Oral rehydration in conjunction with supportive care is used to prevent electrolyte loss and dehydration as treatment for ETEC infections. ETEC infections are infrequently diagnosed in routine clinical practice, resulting in substantial underreporting and contributing to an unrecognized burden of disease. Routine diagnosis of ETEC infections in children should be emphasized in clinical laboratories, particularly for high-risk populations, and deployment of Rapid Kits for ETEC detection would be important in several resource-limit locations to aid early diagnosis.