The cases of malaria, a tropical disease, were estimated at 63 million in Nigeria in 2023; over 400,000 thousand pregnant women were infected with malaria in the same year, with 11% of maternal deaths associated with malaria recorded. In Nigeria, malaria affects between 8.4% and 58.1% of pregnancies, with pregnant women particularly vulnerable during their first and second pregnancies. The emergence and spread of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains have complicated disease control efforts. Monitoring these drug-resistant strains through their molecular markers is essential for early detection, prevention of further spread, and development of new therapeutic drugs. The search for this review was conducted using the phrases “malaria”, “Plasmodium falciparum”, “Nigeria”, “antimalarial resistance”, “markers”, and “pregnant women” in electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar. Articles were categorised based on the year of data collection, year of publication, sample characteristics, analysis of drug resistance markers, and identification of polymorphisms. The articles selected for this review focused on five essential genes: pfcrt, pfdhps, pfdhfr, pfmdr1, and K13-propeller. Most of the studies included in this review represented specific regions rather than the entire country. This systematic review underscores the need for further research on resistance indicators and antimalarial drug resistance among pregnant women in Nigeria who are at high risk. Furthermore, continuous surveillance is required to monitor antimalarial resistance and its markers. This will enable the identification of targets for drug development and malaria control, as well as reduce mother and child mortality associated with malaria.