In Central Europe, weather extremes have increased in frequency and intensity due to climate change over the past decades. Flooding events have cost human lives and displaced people, destroying not only infrastructure but also the social fabric of communities. Whereas developing nations with high poverty rates are most vulnerable to climate change, industrialized countries are also struggling with impacts, which put existing crisis response mechanisms to the test. In the Alps, glacial melt is changing cultural landscapes, and rising temperatures are posing challenges to winter tourism. In the North Sea, low-lying islands are threatened by sea level rise, and costs for infrastructural adaptation are rising. Heat waves are already leading to higher mortality rates. In the future, higher warming scenarios could force people to permanently relocate also on the European continent. In this chapter, the effects of sudden-onset extreme weather events and slow-onset changes in Germany and Switzerland are discussed with a view to migration.