Superstorms: Long-Term Impacts in the Philippines and Bangladesh
摘要
Tropical storms are one of the main drivers of weather-related internal displacements. While the majority can return after the disaster, some are unable to because of a variety of factors. Many seek shelter in nearby cities, which are becoming places of arrival for climate-displaced persons. However, skills obtained in rural areas in agriculture or fishery are not easily transferable to urban settings. This forces people to do hard physical and underpaid labor, often in the informal economy. Climate change impacts, such as cyclones, can also adversely affect existing refugee populations, as was the case for the Rohingya refugees who had settled in Bangladesh and whose camp structures were severely damaged by storm impacts. This chapter draws from case studies in Bangladesh and the Philippines and explores how tropical cyclones pose extreme immediate physical risks and also threaten livelihoods over the long term.