The Domain Name System (DNS) is a cornerstone of the Internet. As such, it is often the subject or the means of network measurement studies. Over the past decades, the Internet measurement community gathered many lessons-learned and captured them in widely available measurement toolchains such as ZDNS and OpenINTEL as well as many papers. However, for feasibility, these tools often restrict DNS tree exploration, use caching, and other intricate methods for reducing query load. This potentially hides many corner cases and unforeseen problems. In this paper, we present a system capable of exploring the full DNS tree. We gather 87 TB of DNS data covering 812M domains with over 85B queries over 40 days. Using this data, we replicate four earlier studies that used feasibility and time-optimized DNS datasets. Our results demonstrate the need for care in selecting which limitations regarding the perspective on DNS can be accepted for a given research question and which may alter findings and conclusions.

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A Tree in a Tree: Measuring Biases of Partial DNS Tree Exploration

  • Florian Steurer,
  • Anja Feldmann,
  • Tobias Fiebig

摘要

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a cornerstone of the Internet. As such, it is often the subject or the means of network measurement studies. Over the past decades, the Internet measurement community gathered many lessons-learned and captured them in widely available measurement toolchains such as ZDNS and OpenINTEL as well as many papers. However, for feasibility, these tools often restrict DNS tree exploration, use caching, and other intricate methods for reducing query load. This potentially hides many corner cases and unforeseen problems. In this paper, we present a system capable of exploring the full DNS tree. We gather 87 TB of DNS data covering 812M domains with over 85B queries over 40 days. Using this data, we replicate four earlier studies that used feasibility and time-optimized DNS datasets. Our results demonstrate the need for care in selecting which limitations regarding the perspective on DNS can be accepted for a given research question and which may alter findings and conclusions.