From the perspective of deep learning, the artificial intelligence (AI) visual perception technology not only emphasizes the guiding role of deep learning but also demonstrates the application value of AI technology and visual perception technology. Therefore, in the specific research process, it exhibits a strong purpose, focusing on improving the intelligence level of agents. This enables agents to enhance the visual perception performance of their application scenarios under the influence of deep learning, thereby providing more accurate decision-making suggestions for scenario application operations. This paper utilizes the literature review method to elaborate on the current research status of AI visual perception technology and urban planning at home and abroad, clarify the research direction of this study, and guide the conduct of this research. It also outlines relevant basic theories to provide theoretical support for the research. By adopting case analysis, this paper intuitively demonstrates the innovative application of AI visual technology in urban planning, ensuring that the research has certain practical research value and further providing references for similar studies.