This study discusses innovative methods of improving teachers’ digital literacy by using image recognition technology. By developing a digital literacy training system for teachers based on image recognition technology, this study aims to help teachers better understand and apply modern educational technology and improve their teaching ability and innovative thinking. The experimental design includes theoretical study, practical operation, interactive discussion and experience sharing to ensure that teachers can master the operation of image recognition technology skillfully. The experimental subjects were in-service teachers in primary and secondary schools in a city, and they were randomly divided into experimental group (EG) and control group (CG), and received training based on image recognition technology and traditional digital literacy respectively. The experimental results show that EG teachers’ average performance in digital literacy test is better than CG’s, and they get higher evaluation in content quality, practicality and innovation. In addition, the improvement of teachers’ digital literacy is positively correlated with technical acceptance and training participation, negatively correlated with teaching experience, and weakly correlated with subject background. The research points out that image recognition technology provides teachers with intuitive and vivid teaching aids, improves teaching efficiency, and stimulates teachers’ enthusiasm for learning and applying new technologies, thus improving their digital literacy.