From the Revolutionary Era on, Euro-Americans regarded Westward expansion as their birthright. Elaborate theories about occupation versus ownership empowered westering, while explaining Euro-reluctance to acknowledge that Indians had “discovered” America, not to mention sailed to Europe in antiquity. Instead, era-specific diction justifying Euro-seizure of America included “Right of Discovery,” “Right by Conquest,” “Right by Cultivation,” and “Right by Civilization.” The final orgasmic expression crystalized in 1845 as the “Manifest Destiny” of Europeans to tramp west to the Pacific Ocean, with decidedly Lesser Others either as obstacles (Indians) or as necessary evils (African slaves).