The birth of extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs), those born before 28 weeks, presents severe medical challenges due to underdeveloped organs. Despite advancements in neonatal care, ELGANs face high mortality rates and long-term health complications, including respiratory, neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and immune system issues. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are common, causing lasting lung problems. Neurological issues, such as intraventricular hemorrhage and white matter injury, often result in cognitive and motor impairments. Cardiovascular challenges like patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and hypotension further complicate survival. Gastrointestinal disorders, particularly necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and an immature immune system heighten the risks of infection and long-term disabilities. The financial burden of prematurity is substantial, with annual costs exceeding $26 billion in the United States alone. In response to these challenges, artificial womb technology represents a transformative solution, mimicking the natural womb environment and reducing the harm caused by current interventions. This technology offers the potential to dramatically improve survival rates and long-term outcomes for these vulnerable infants, reducing the heavy emotional and financial toll on families and healthcare systems.