This chapter discusses the ethics of biotechnologies. It starts by discussing biomedical ethics, its origins, and the influential principlism approach, which prescribes the four major principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice. It also discusses how emerging technologies create new challenges in bioethics, as they affect our genetic identities, reproductive capacities, and also the wider environment. Following this, the chapter discusses the central theme of human enhancement, and different important arguments to distinguish between enhancement and medical therapies. Two major lines of thought linked to human enhancement, of transhumanism and posthumanism, are discussed. Finally, the chapter provides an overview of influential standards and regulations applicable to biotechnologies.