In this chapter, we will explore the interconnections between three critical risk factors for CVD: hypertension, atherosclerosis, and dyslipidemia. Hypertension, characterized by chronically elevated blood pressure, significantly raises the risk of myocardial infarction, cerebral stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and other CVDs. It is the leading preventable risk factor for premature mortality. Dietary patterns marked by low intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, alongside high consumption of saturated fats and cholesterol, contribute to hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, particularly in genetically predisposed individuals. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the large arteries, driven by the accumulation of cholesterol-laden macrophages in the arterial wall, stemming from dyslipidemia, and immune system hyperactivity. Consequently, susceptibility to CVD is linked to genes regulating plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels. Additionally, we will examine the roles of insulin resistance and obesity in major metabolic tissues such as the liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas, and WAT in contributing to the metabolic syndrome. This syndrome highlights the interplay between inflammation and energy metabolism regulation. The genetic predisposition for the metabolic syndrome overlaps with that of its primary components: obesity, T2D, and dyslipidemia. However, as with these traits, common genetic variants explain only a small fraction of the disease risk. Therefore, we will emphasize the significant role of epigenetics in the genesis and progression of the metabolic syndrome. These insights will culminate in personalized dietary recommendations aimed at mitigating these risks.