This chapter examines the challenges and prospects of North-South inter-university cooperation in fragile states, with a focus on Mali and Niger. It argues that state fragility, marked by insecurity, weak governance and limited rule of law, significantly impacts project implementation but does not preclude cooperation. Drawing on interviews and field experience, the study identifies three core hypotheses: cooperation must adapt to context-specific challenges, address varying degrees of dysfunction and explore partnerships beyond central governments. The analysis highlights financial and operational adjustments, such as alternative funding mechanisms and virtual methods, to sustain collaboration during crises. By involving autonomous institutions like universities and local authorities, the chapter emphasizes their role in fostering resilience and development. Ultimately, it advocates for nuanced strategies to maintain academic partnerships in politically unstable environments.