Urban sprawlUrban sprawl, aEconomic growth morphologicalLandscape and functional process that reflects settlement dispersion into rural spacesSpace, isMediterranean a commonly debated issue from different disciplinary perspectives—from spatial planningPlanning to environmental science, from applied economics to human geography, from demography to agronomy, from geology to sociology. While implying multiple research dimensions, sprawl is (theoretically and empirically) seen as a sort of ‘hegemonic’ concept—rather fascinating on the one side, and challenging to investigate and understand on the other side. Earlier studies have tried to define dynamics, implications, and consequences of low-densityDensity settlement expansion together on natural environmentsEnvironment, social settings, and economic backgrounds. With this perspective in mind, the present contribution provides readers with a detailed picture of the nature of sprawl, focusing on both extrinsic and intrinsic effects on the intimate functioning of local systems. The operational analysis of sprawl focused on representative cases from the MediterraneanMediterranean region in the old continent, considering narratives and a refined (literature) investigation based on official statistics and traditional—or more innovative—indicators.