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The Kubelka–Munk theory [1, 2] describes the optical properties of painting layers based on a simplified, but efficient model that considers two simultaneous, diffusing luminous fluxes inside of each painting layer. Namely, the model presented by Kubelka and Munk constitutes a “two-flux model”. Despite its several limitations, this model is in widespread use for scattering calculations in paper, coatings, printed paper, paint, and textile, mainly due to its explicit form and ease of use.

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Kubelka-Munk Model—Fundamentals in Radiative Transfer Theory and Models

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Georgios Karagiannis,
  • Dimitrios Alexiadis

摘要

The Kubelka–Munk theory [1, 2] describes the optical properties of painting layers based on a simplified, but efficient model that considers two simultaneous, diffusing luminous fluxes inside of each painting layer. Namely, the model presented by Kubelka and Munk constitutes a “two-flux model”. Despite its several limitations, this model is in widespread use for scattering calculations in paper, coatings, printed paper, paint, and textile, mainly due to its explicit form and ease of use.