Spina bifida is the second most common occurring complex congenital birth defect. When we refer to spina bifida we are most commonly referring to the open neural tube defect, myelomeningocele. Myelomeningocele is often associated with lower extremity weakness, sensory deficits, bowel and bladder difficulties, Chiari II malformations, hydrocephalus and learning differences. This chapter discusses spina bifida and complications associated with this congenital birth defect.