In this book, we have featured a number of techniques which can be hugely beneficial for AI practitioners. Given that almost everyone in the field—whether in academia or in industry—is using LLMs, we expect the impact of this collection to be significant. Up to this point, we have focused on providing an almost entirely positive view of AI. AI is on everyone’s lips; it is on the front pages of our newspapers and magazines, it is on our TV channels, it is concerning governments right across the planet, and it is the topic of conversations at the dinner table. However, it is right to acknowledge a range of issues that require some pause for thought. Accordingly, in this chapter, we discuss some of the major concerns surrounding the widespread adoption of AI, as a counterpoint to the preceding chapters. It is not that we believe that AI cannot be used for good, far from it; but unless the following concerns are satisfactorily addressed, it is likely that an AI winter will set in.