The fall of Robespierre and the collapse of the regime of Terror brought some respite from the worst excesses of revolutionary measures. The local political elite blamed the Terror on outsiders and the military. Even so, the war continued on the Catalan front and without tight controls a damaging failure of military discipline and of supply lines to the Army might follow. Troops deserted in droves leaving manpower shortages that were undermining France’s war effort. The French advance in Catalonia became stalled in the winter of 1794–1795 after successfully taking Figueras. Far from being welcomed as an army of liberation the French were seen as a marauding and looting force akin to the invaders of the Thirty Years War. In response, Catalan partisans attacked French supply convoys using guerrilla warfare tactics to weaken the army of occupation. Attitudes to French émigrés in Spain hardened as they were seen as a burden on a society already suffering the privations of war. In spring 1795 the Spanish launched a counter-offensive forcing the French back to the frontier. The Peace of Basle was concluded in July 1795 between France and Spain with no gains or losses of territory on either side.