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Amidst the vital pillars of human survival—food, shelter, and clothing—lies another cornerstone: Energy, essential for our very existence. With the global population steadily increasing and socioeconomic progress advancing rapidly, the energy demand is soaring. In today’s world, the idea of living without energy is virtually inconceivable. This pressing need must be met through the utilization of safe renewable energy sources, as opposed to non-renewable alternatives that contribute to global warming and climate change, to ensure the well-being of our planet. To meet this energy demand sustainably, various types of waste, including municipal, industrial, and agricultural waste, can be tapped as sources of cleaner and safer energy. Effective management and treatment of waste through waste-to-energy (WtE) techniques have the potential to contribute significantly to achieving many sustainability goals outlined in initiatives like the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and India’s Sustainable Vision 2047, thereby supporting overall sustainability efforts. The escalating global population correlates with a swift increase in waste generation. Projections suggest that solid waste generation could reach 2.2 billion tons by 2025 and 9.5 billion tons by 2050 worldwide, according to the World Bank. To harness energy from waste, a multitude of techniques and possibilities for advancement are available. This chapter involves a detailed analysis of WtE techniques, encompassing thermal conversion methods like incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, and torrefaction; biological conversion techniques involving bioagents like bacteria and fungi in processes such as anaerobic digestion and ethanol fermentation; landfilling approaches; and mechanical biological treatment. These techniques yield various forms of energy, including heat, char, oil, syngas, biogas, and landfill gas. The chapter also addresses strategies for sustainable development and waste management, current challenges, principles of the circular economy, and sustainability economics.

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Winning Sustainability Through Waste Management: Potential Waste-to-Energy (WtE) Techniques and Sustainable Strategies Analysis

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Harsh Vishwakarma,
  • Vipul Keerti Sharma,
  • Kiran Billore

摘要

Amidst the vital pillars of human survival—food, shelter, and clothing—lies another cornerstone: Energy, essential for our very existence. With the global population steadily increasing and socioeconomic progress advancing rapidly, the energy demand is soaring. In today’s world, the idea of living without energy is virtually inconceivable. This pressing need must be met through the utilization of safe renewable energy sources, as opposed to non-renewable alternatives that contribute to global warming and climate change, to ensure the well-being of our planet. To meet this energy demand sustainably, various types of waste, including municipal, industrial, and agricultural waste, can be tapped as sources of cleaner and safer energy. Effective management and treatment of waste through waste-to-energy (WtE) techniques have the potential to contribute significantly to achieving many sustainability goals outlined in initiatives like the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and India’s Sustainable Vision 2047, thereby supporting overall sustainability efforts. The escalating global population correlates with a swift increase in waste generation. Projections suggest that solid waste generation could reach 2.2 billion tons by 2025 and 9.5 billion tons by 2050 worldwide, according to the World Bank. To harness energy from waste, a multitude of techniques and possibilities for advancement are available. This chapter involves a detailed analysis of WtE techniques, encompassing thermal conversion methods like incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, and torrefaction; biological conversion techniques involving bioagents like bacteria and fungi in processes such as anaerobic digestion and ethanol fermentation; landfilling approaches; and mechanical biological treatment. These techniques yield various forms of energy, including heat, char, oil, syngas, biogas, and landfill gas. The chapter also addresses strategies for sustainable development and waste management, current challenges, principles of the circular economy, and sustainability economics.