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To evaluate the ability of pXRF soil analysis to identify Bronze Age (BA) settlements (i.e., sites containing permanent houses and/or fortifications), we compared the results of a geochemical survey with the results of a ground truthed microtopographic survey conducted over a contiguous 11.7 ha area. Our methodology included high-resolution total station mapping, soil angering, shovel testing, and test pitting at two adjacent BA settlements: Kuysak and Kuysak-1. As a result of these efforts, we conclude that in 77% of the time, soil phosphorus values can predict the presence/absence of a BA microtopographic feature somewhere within a 0–25 m distance from the probe. In addition, our results question the accuracy of settlement plans based on the stereoscopic analysis of Soviet-era aerial photos.

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Phosphorus as a Predictor of Bronze Age Settlement Architecture in the Southern Trans-Urals

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Denis V. Sharapov,
  • Larisa Yu. Petrova,
  • Artem S. Yakimov,
  • Igor N. Toporkov,
  • Natalya S. Batanina

摘要

To evaluate the ability of pXRF soil analysis to identify Bronze Age (BA) settlements (i.e., sites containing permanent houses and/or fortifications), we compared the results of a geochemical survey with the results of a ground truthed microtopographic survey conducted over a contiguous 11.7 ha area. Our methodology included high-resolution total station mapping, soil angering, shovel testing, and test pitting at two adjacent BA settlements: Kuysak and Kuysak-1. As a result of these efforts, we conclude that in 77% of the time, soil phosphorus values can predict the presence/absence of a BA microtopographic feature somewhere within a 0–25 m distance from the probe. In addition, our results question the accuracy of settlement plans based on the stereoscopic analysis of Soviet-era aerial photos.