This paper studies the usage and treatment of different types of lithic materials on the example of the Early Neolithic assemblage of Stary Moskovsky Trakt-5 in the Barabinsk foreststeppe. This work presents the typological and morphological peculiarities of a tool assemblage (scrapers, plates, axes, abrasives) and their attribution to raw material groups. The article concludes that there is an association between the raw material used, the treatment methods and forms of produced objects. The raw material had an important impact on the material culture and spiritual life of ancient societies, their external links, and their interactions with nature. The ancient societies of the Stone Age depended on lithic raw material suitable for producing tools and cult objects. Large settlements of the Early and Late Neolithic in the Barabinsk forest-steppe demonstrate the attractivity of this territory for life and the ability of the ancient population to adapt to the absence of lithic materials and to develop a strategy of using available lithicmaterial.