Improving healthcare enhances individual well-being and economic productivity. We explore the demand and supply dynamics of healthcare, highlighting factors such as demographic trends, income levels, and technological changes. Key models, including the Grossman model of health capital, are introduced to analyse health as an investment in human capital. The chapter also discusses the impact of globalisation on healthcare systems, from the spread of medical innovations to challenges like cross-border pandemics and inequities in health access. Policies aimed at improving health outcomes, such as universal healthcare, public health interventions, and pricing mechanisms, are evaluated. Empirical tools, such as regression analysis and difference-in-differences techniques, are employed to measure the effects of healthcare investments on life expectancy and quality of life. The chapter highlights the interplay between healthcare and economic development, emphasising the need for sustainable and inclusive health policies in a globalised world.