Recently, with the rapid development of communication technology, location-based services (LBS) in indoor environments have penetrated into various aspects of people’s daily lives. Wireless local area networks (WLAN) have become the preferred choice for location-based services due to their broad deployment and low cost. However, the typical non-line-of-sight characteristics of indoor environments result in severe fluctuations in received signal strength (RSS), signal coverage vulnerabilities can exacerbate environmental interference, making positioning results more vulnerable to attacks or tampering. The layout of indoor network elements is a key factor that constrains signal coverage rate. This paper focuses on the optimization of indoor network element layout, proposes an indoor network element layout optimization model based on signal coverage and quality in indoor environments and introduces an Adaptive Simulation Annealing Non-inertial Opposite Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (ASA-NRPSO). Firstly, a reverse strategy is introduced into the particle flight process of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, and high-quality particles are selected for the next generation iteration. In the selection of the reverse strategy, the simulated annealing idea is integrated to adaptively select the reverse strategy based on the needs of the particles at different stages, which avoids the particles falling into local optima. The inertia term in the particle swarm velocity update formula is replaced with group information for non-inertial updates. This can more fully utilize the global information of the population to guide the movement of the next generation of particles and improve the convergence speed of the particle swarm. The elite mutation strategy is used to increase the diversity of particles and improve the global search capability of the algorithm. This method ensures the rapid generation of network element layout to improve the signal coverage rate and positioning accuracy.