This chapter begins by examining research showing that most people have an incorrect idea of how income and wealth are distributed, often under-estimating inequality, with judgements over-influenced by their local social environments. Perceived, rather than actual, inequality is more strongly associated with attitudes towards inequality and support for policies aimed at redistribution. The relevance of system justification theory, which proposes the existence of a basic motivation to justify and legitimise existing social, economic, and political systems, especially if aspects of the system have long been in place, is examined. Beliefs in merit, desert, individual autonomy, and personal responsibility are thought to play an important role in the justification of economic inequality. Meritocracy beliefs, for example, serve to cast responsibility for inequality onto individuals and away from structural causes. Belief in the possibility of socio-economic mobility also plays a role in the nexus of economic system justification. This is a relatively new, but active and lively area of psychology, a work in progress. There is already evidence enough, however, to add to the growing list of answers to the conundrum: How is it that economic inequality on such a scale is tolerated? To obfuscation, diversion, and division, we can add justificatory beliefs.