In this chapter, I explain the relationship between economic inequality and three concepts with which it might be confused. Poverty is closely related to economic inequality, and is a symptom of it. In richer countries it is usually understood as relative poverty, which necessarily grows as inequality rises, but absolute poverty has also reappeared in the UK, as illustrated by official reports and research findings. Lack of opportunity for economic and social mobility is also closely related to economic inequality. Examples are given to illustrate how relative socio-economic position, combined with educational inequality, can affect access to and advancement in important life areas. Social class, a difficult and much debated and contested concept, is often confused with economic inequality, although the two terms mean very different things. What can be said is that economic inequality intensifies social class differences, making status differences more salient. Focusing on poverty, social and economic mobility, and social class serves to divert attention away from the more fundamental, systemic problem of economic and wealth inequality. Finally, the concept of intersectionality is helpful for understanding that economic inequality deserves attention in its own right, whilst sharing features and interacting with other forms of inequality.