Algae, encompassing a wide range of species, exhibit distinct capabilities in PHB production, contributing to the understanding of microbial diversity for enhanced bioplastic yield. This chapter delves into the burgeoning field of algal bioplastics, specifically focusing on polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production. The study comprehensively analyzes algal diversity, biosynthetic pathways, extraction methods, and technical considerations associated with PHB synthesis. The biosynthetic pathways of PHB in algae are explored, elucidating key enzymatic processes and metabolic pathways that govern the synthesis of this biodegradable polymer. Extraction methods, critical for maximizing PHB recovery while ensuring sustainability, are critically evaluated, considering their environmental impact and scalability. Technical aspects of algal bioplastics production, including cultivation strategies and process optimization, are discussed to enhance the efficiency of PHB synthesis. The chapter also sheds light on current prospects and applications of algal bioplastics, emphasizing their role in addressing environmental concerns and fostering sustainable practices. Moreover, market trends are outlined, highlighting the increasing demand for eco-friendly alternatives and the potential of algal bioplastics in various industries.