Dr. Lucian L. Leape’s groundbreaking 1994 article, “Error in Medicine,” brought to the fore the widespread and largely ignored problem of harmful hospital errors, which Leape attributed not to bad people but to bad systems. As Leape strove to cure a dysfunctional healthcare culture and thereby reduce its mistakes, a more subtle transformation had already begun to reshape American culture at large, a pervasive transformation that was rooted in electronic technology and would pose unprecedented future challenges to patient safety and care.