“A glass of wine...,” there may not be a person in the world who has not tasted a glass of wine. This magical potion that starts from the grape becomes juice and without any absolute intervention turns into wine. An art that became a science. A science that is constantly evolving. Millions of people work so that we can enjoy a glass of wine. So simple yet so complex at the same time. We will try to analyze this complexity in this chapter. Hundreds of chemicals interact and create new ones. Numerous biochemical reactions create this delectable result called wine. Knowledge of the chemical composition of wine is a prerequisite for the professional oenologist or chemist. Without the absolute knowledge of it, we cannot create a perfect wine. Imagine a painter who doesn’t know what brush to use or a musician who doesn’t know the notes. Absolute knowledge of wine chemistry is what will lead us to the right decisions at the right time. Through the appropriate chemical analyzes, we will be able to make the important decisions, apply the appropriate winemaking techniques, and save money and time during production.