The physical examination to evaluate for a suspected concussion should be directed by a differential diagnosis that includes more ominous neurologic diagnoses and that considers potential confounding factors including preexisting conditions. Additionally, physical examination components are influenced by the acuity of the suspected injury and the location the exam is conducted. A thorough neurologic examination is needed to evaluate the patient for findings suggestive of intracranial bleeding, skull fracture, or other pathology warranting a different care pathway. The examiner should evaluate for cervical issues that could contribute to symptomatology as well as visual and vestibular deficits. The utilization of vestibulo-ocular testing is considered a standard element in the evaluation of concussion. The concussion evaluation in para athletes and athletes with intellectual disabilities is improved with knowledge of that athlete’s baseline function as well as through adjustments to physical examination components based on the individual. While there continues to be evolving evidence related to the physical examination components of concussion, there is enough to support the use of mental status testing, cervical spine evaluation, balance testing, vestibulo-ocular examination, and orthostatic testing in select patients presenting with a suspected concussion.

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Physical Examination

  • Carrie A. Jaworski,
  • Stessie Zimmerman

摘要

The physical examination to evaluate for a suspected concussion should be directed by a differential diagnosis that includes more ominous neurologic diagnoses and that considers potential confounding factors including preexisting conditions. Additionally, physical examination components are influenced by the acuity of the suspected injury and the location the exam is conducted. A thorough neurologic examination is needed to evaluate the patient for findings suggestive of intracranial bleeding, skull fracture, or other pathology warranting a different care pathway. The examiner should evaluate for cervical issues that could contribute to symptomatology as well as visual and vestibular deficits. The utilization of vestibulo-ocular testing is considered a standard element in the evaluation of concussion. The concussion evaluation in para athletes and athletes with intellectual disabilities is improved with knowledge of that athlete’s baseline function as well as through adjustments to physical examination components based on the individual. While there continues to be evolving evidence related to the physical examination components of concussion, there is enough to support the use of mental status testing, cervical spine evaluation, balance testing, vestibulo-ocular examination, and orthostatic testing in select patients presenting with a suspected concussion.