This chapter underscores the critical importance of adequate nutrition for children during disaster recovery to prevent malnutrition and its associated health risks. It discusses how nutritional status influences vulnerability to infectious diseases and the metabolic challenges faced by malnourished children, particularly during recovery phases. The role of healthcare professionals in assessing pre-disaster nutritional conditions and planning food resources is emphasized, alongside the complexities of malnutrition and obesity within low- and middle-income countries. Key learning objectives include recognizing the necessity of emergency food security assessments, identifying vulnerable populations and specific risk factors, and applying methods for anthropometric assessments. Additionally, the chapter covers clinical findings associated with protein-energy malnutrition, differentiating between marasmus and kwashiorkor, and addressing the pathophysiology of refeeding syndrome. It also highlights the importance of recognizing micronutrient deficiencies, understanding their epidemiology and management, and assessing children’s nutritional status according to WHO and Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines. By implementing these strategies, healthcare providers can significantly enhance recovery outcomes for vulnerable populations affected by disasters.