The focus of the chapter is the connection between the expansion of tourism and environmental sustainability with a particular focus on the effects of international tourism expansion on climate change. In this regard, distances and transport play a special role. The conflict between the reduction of poverty and the increase of employment on one side and effects on the environment of tourism expansion on the other side will be treated in the light of the possible innovations to be implemented to transform the sector towards climate change reduction and the protection of the planet. A special focus on the changes of institutional design about the action suggested to promote an environmentally sustainable tourism will end this chapter. The intent is to piece together the steps forward (or backward) inside the international context accounting for the political and economic global “disorder” occurred in recent times.